Optical network drivers many factors are driving the need for optical networks. The signal is modulated at a very high bit rate, rapidly sampled by a high speed clock, and then transmitted through the fiber network. To facilitate the knowledge about optical fiber sources and transmission techniques to enrich the idea of optical fiber networks algorithm such as sonetsdh and optical cdma. Epon is one implementation of ethernet in the access network. Optical fiber communication ofc study materials pdf free. One disadvantage is that a meo satellites distance gives it a longer time. Fiber optic data transmission systems send information over fiber by turning electronic signals into light.
Note the actual signal in a cwdm system isnt actually any wider. Download fiber optic communications 5th edition pdf ebook. Draw and explain the acceptance angle and numerical aperture of an optical fiber and derive expressions for both. The role of fiber optic cables in computer networking. Sonet synchronous optical network is a us standard for the internal. A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of these glass fibers from a few up to a couple hundred. Componentry and transmission are discussed in detail with emphasis on practical networking issues. Ec6702 notes syllabus all 5 units notes are uploaded here. Communication networks in case of coaxial cables and twisted cable the maximum signal frequency, and hence the information rate that can be transmitted using a solid conductor is limited. Will this presentation make me an optical engineer.
Optical fiber is a highlytransparent strand of glass that transmits light signals with low attenuation loss of signal power over long distances, providing nearly limitless bandwidth. This technology enables telecommunications service providers to send voice, data, and video at ever increasing rates. What is fiber optics optical fibre and how does it work. The technology ofusing multiple optical signals ont he same fiber iscalled wavee gth divisi utipexi g wdm. Depending on the type of application and the reach to be achieved, various types of. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data rates than other forms of communication. Optical communication and networks ec6702 notes pdf free download. Synchronous digital hierarchy sdh columbia university. Optical fiber communication vtu notes pdf ofc pdf vtu. It is important to note that an optical source with a power input of 1 mw. Optical fiber is used as a medium for telecommunication and computer networking because it is flexible and can be bundled as cables.
That is, several signals are transmitted using different carriers, occupying nonoverlapping parts of a frequency spectrum. Similar to direct fiber except that as the fiber approaches the premises of nearby customers, it splits into other optical fibers for those users. Preventive maintenance of fiber optic cables and optics. The first transatlantic telephone cable with optical fibre in 1988. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.
To explore the trends of optical fiber measurement systems. This allows long distances to be spanned with few repeaters. Fiber capacity the first implementation of what has emerged as the optical network began on routes that were fiber limited. Fiber optic data transmission systems fiber optic data transmission systems send information over fiber by turning electronic signals into light. The optical fiber network architecture there are two main types of pon technologies deployed in the access network. Elements of optical fiber communication system, basic optical laws and.
Optical fiber optical transmission modes advantages and. In every phase bl increased initially but began to saturate as the technology matured. Optical communication and networks ec6702 anna university. The nature of optical networks along with the recent developments in the optical and networking systems using optical sources and devices is also dealt with. Fiber optic calbes is the solution to many of todays high speed, high bandwidth data communication problems and will continue to play a large role in future telecom and datacom networks. Using fibre optic cable, optical communications have enabled telecommunications links to be made over much greater distances and with much lower levels of loss in the transmission.
Yet many router jockeys dont get enough exposure to it. This leads to a wide variety of confusion, misconceptions, and errors when working with fiber optic networks. Introduction ray theory transmission electromagnetic mode theory for optical propagation cylindrical fiber. Optical fibres or optical fibers can also be split into single mode fibre, and multimode fibre. It utilizes optical fiber cables as the primary communication medium for converting data and passing data as light pulses between sender and receiver nodes. Anna university regulation 20 ece ec6702 ocn notes, optical communication networks engineering lecture handwritten notes for all 5 units are provided below. Introduction, historical development, general system, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of optical fiber communication, optical fiber waveguides, ray theory, cylindrical fiber no derivations in article 2. Fiber optic data transmission systems send information over fiber by turning. An optical pulse generator forms highspeed pulses at rates less than the period of the transmitted data.
Home optical fiber communication note for optical fibre communication ofc by sunil s harakannanavar. Mention of both single mode fiber and multimode fiber is often seen in the literature. Ec67 02 ocn syllabus notes download link is provided and students can download the ec 6702 syllabus and lecture notes and can make use of. The optical transport hierarchy oth is a new transport technology for the optical transport network otn developed by the itu. Introduction the demand for fiber optic network infrastructure continues to grow as organizations position themselves and their communities for future growth. Divide the vast transmission bandwidth available on a fiber into several different. A fiber has a core radius of 25mm, core refractive index of 1. Fiber optics is a major building block in the telecommunication infrastructure. Communication networks in case of coaxial cables and twisted cable the maximum signal frequency, and hence the information rate that can be.
Optical fibers are widely used in fiberoptic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data rates than other forms of communication. Radiowireless a system that uses radio transmitters and receivers to send data over short distances. There is wires standard electronic connection or pins energizing the transmitter. This scheme is limited by the ability to modulate and sample high bit rate signals 100 gbits. An optical fiber is a long thin strand of impurityfree glass used as a transport medium for data. While no text can be truly stateoftheart in the fast moving area of optical networking, this one comes as close as possible. Optical devices and components basic concepts in optical networking. How does an optical signal move through a fiber network. Modes, mode coupling, step and graded index fibers single mode fiber important short questions and answers. A highspeed clock and regenerator demodulates the signals. A fibre optic cable consists of a glass or silica core. Laws governing the nature of light are called as ray optics.
Everything you always wanted to know about optical networking. This provides the greatest bandwidth, but direct fiber is expensive. Fibre optic technology relies on the fact that it is possible to send a light beam along a thin fibre suitably constructed. An optical fiber is made of 3 concentric layers see figure 3. Optical networks are telecommunications network of high capacity. Optical fiber optical transmission modes advantages and disadvantages of optical fiber by dinesh thakur category. Optical communication and networking signal degradation optical fibers. Small oil micro deposits and dust particles on fiber optic cable optical surface s may cause a loss of light or. It is based on the network architecture defined in itu g.
Single mode fiber this form of optical fibre is the type that is virtually exclusively used these days. Anna university ec6702 optical communication and networks syllabus notes 2 marks with answer is provided below. Main characteristics of fiber optics communication system. The optical fiber access systems referred as fiber tothex fttx. Losses of silica fibres become minimum near 1 550 nm. Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and transmit data over longer distances. Ec6702 ocn notes, optical communication networks lecture. Optical networking terminals and muxes fiber optic terminals. Synchronous digital hierarchy sdh definition synchronous digital hierarchy sdh and synchronous optical network sonet refer to a group of fiber optic transmission rates that can transport digital signals with different capacities. Fiber optical communications r17a0418 lecture notes b. Fibre optic communication has revolutionised the telecommunications industry.
It has also made its presence widely felt within the data networking community as well. Optical internet working, for example, as defined by the optical interworking forum oif, is a dataoptimized network infrastructure in which switches and routers have integrated optical interfaces and are directly connected by fiber or optical network elements, such as. Fiber types in gigabit optical communications abstract fiber optic cables are the medium of choice in telecommunications infrastructure, enabling the transmission of highspeed voice, video, and data traffic in enterprise and service provider networks. Alan repech, system architect, cisco systems optical transport this book provides the most comprehensive coverage of both the theory and practice of optical networking. The repeater spacing of the second phase lightwave systems was limited by the fibre losses at the operating wavelength of 1 300 nm typically 0. It is especially advantageous for longdistance communications, because infrared light propagates through the fiber with much lower attenuation compared to electrical cables. Ec6702 optical communication and networks vii semester department of electronics and communication engineering 1 ec6702 optical communication and networking two marks question and answers unit 1 introduction ray theory transmission 1. An optical network is also known as an optical fiber network, fiber optic network or photonic. The future of optical networks selftest correct answers glossary 1. The optical properties of the fiber material which is usually fused silica. The fiber which are used for optical communication are wave guides made of transparent dielectrics.
A unit of measurement of optical power, which indicates relative power. A typical pointtopoint fiber optic communication network consists of a transmitter laser, a transport medium optical fiber and a receiver photodiode as in figure 1. Everything you always wanted to know about optical. A few of the most important reasons for migrating to the optical layer are described in this module. Since then, the tremendous cost savings and increased network quality has led to. Optical transmitter is a device that generates the signal sent through optical fibers. Optical fiber refers to the medium and the technology which is related, or you can say that it is connected with the transmission of information in the form of light impulses and this transmission is done along with a glass or plastic wire or fiber.
Theyre designed for longdistance, highperformance data networking, and telecommunications. Optical networks elective subjects vtu 8th sem ece cbcs notes. Benefits and history of optical networks in the early 1980s, a revolution in telecommunications networks began that was spawned by the use of a relatively unassuming technology, fiber optic cable. The electromagnetic spectrum is composed of visible and near infrared light like that transmitted by fiber, and all. All the networks using optical fiber as transmission medium optical networks when transmitted signal remains in optical form till its arrival at destination all optical network. Optical fiber transmitter optical fiber transmitter block diagram explanation. This chapter emphasizes the nature of optical modes and their group velocities in stepindex and gradedindex fibers. Optical fibers were first envisioned as optical elements in the early 1960s. Fiber that leaves the central office and is attached directly to one customer. The range of signal frequencies or bit rate within which a fiber optic component, link or network will operate. The basic elements of optical fiber transmitter are shown in above fig. Ec6702 optical communication and networks vii semester. Note for optical fibre communication ofc by sunil s.
A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers inside an insulated casing. Ec6702 optical communication and networks syllabus notes. Optical fibers have largely replaced copper wire communications in core networks in the. It is found that if the diameter of the optical fibre is. The bit period for these signals is compressed to tn, multiplexed, and transmitted through optical fiber. Message input laser detector message output electrical input electrical. Ec67 02 ocn syllabus notes download link is provided and students can download the ec 6702 syllabus and lecture notes. Vtu electronics and communication engineerng 8th sem cbcs. An optical network is a type of data communication network built with optical fiber technology. Since each optical signal is sent along a specified path and not broadcast to all nodes in the network, the power requirement of such a network is lower than that of a broadcastandselect network. Download pdf of optical fiber communication note electronics and communication engineering offline reading, offline notes, free download in app, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download. Optical communication and networking by gayathri pdf download. You hear about fiber optic cables whenever people talk about the telephone system, the cable tv system or the internet.
Wdm optical network divide the vast transmission bandwidth available on a fiber into several different smaller capacity channels nonoverlapping bandwidths, each of these channels can be operated at a moderate bit rate 2. Wdm is a technology that enables various optical signals to be transmitted by a single fiber. Ece 445 optical fiber communications lecture 01 introduction. Download link for ece 7th sem ec6702 optical communication networks engineering lecture handwritten notes are listed down for students to make perfect utilization and score maximum marks with our study materials. Optical fibers have a core surrounded by a cladding layer made of dielectric material. If youre looking for a free download links of fiber optic communications 5th edition pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you.
An optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent fiber that acts as a waveguide, or light pipe, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. Jan 23, 2017 an optical network is a type of data communication network built with optical fiber technology. They are based on optical technologies and components, and are used to route, groom, and restore wavelength levels and wavelengthbased services. The end of a fiber optic cable and the inner surface of an optical module lens constitute optical surfaces that should be properly c leaned and maintained to ensure optimum reliability and system performance. The optical signals in the core are confined by establishing a refractive index that is greater. Optical communication pdf notes oc pdf notes smartzworld. The first phase the first phase of lightwave systems operated near 850 nm and used gaas semiconductor lasers with multimode fibres.
Note for optical fibre communication ofc by sunil s harakannanavar. While there are many components used in building up a fibre optic link fiber optic link, the fibre optic cabling is obviously the key element. Optical fiber communication vtu notes pdf ofc pdf vtu sw. Wavelengthrouted networks the wavelength of the optical signal and the fiber it is using determine the subsequent path used by the signal. Introduction physical fundamentals of optical fiber transmission light is used in optoelectronics and optical fiber telecommunication for data transmission, in optical fiber interferometers, optical fiber lasers, sensors and optical fiber modulators. Light refers to more than the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is near to what is visible to the human eye. Optical fiber line similar to the traditional copper telephone lines, but differs by utilizing optical fibers made of glass or plastic and uses light to transmit the data, with is faster and has less losses as compared to copper wires. A 10 db means a reduction in power by 10 times, 20 db means another 10. Note that optical sources and detectors are primarily used in nonlinear modes of. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent strand of very pure glass that acts as a light pipe to transmit light between two ends of the fiber. Its principle is essentially the same as frequency division multiplexing fdm. Optical fiber networks have high capacity can be used for providing the high bandwidth services even in wireless, infrared means high bandwidth connectivity. Optical fiber consists of thin glass fibres or plastic or any dielectric medium which can carry light signals from one end to the other.
Audience this tutorial is designed for learners who have interest in learning the networking concepts using optical sources. An optical fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or any transparent dielectric medium. Overview this tutorial discusses synchronous transmission standards in world public telecommunications networks. Fiber optic network layout long haul network wan man lan lan 1 2 man lan lan 1 2 long haul network provides signal transmission link between distant regions within a country, countries, and continents. In addition to telecommunication companies, utilities and transportation agencies realize the benefits of installing a fiber network. Optical communication pdf oc basics of fiber optics mark curranbrian shirk. Its function is to guide visible and infrared light over long distance.
Fiber optics, or optical fiber, refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. Optical fibers are used most often as a means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths data rates than electrical. A practical perspective by rajiv ramaswami, kumar sivarajan, galen sasaki the new edition of optical networks continues to be the authoritative source for information on optical networking technologies and techniques. Optical loss dbkm egyptian venetian optical glass optical fibre work at corning in the early 1970s eventually led to fiber losses of 20 dbkm, and over time these have been reduced to as low as 0. Optical communication notes pdf oc notes pdf starts with the topics covering overview of optical fiber communication historical development, the general system, advantages of optical fiber communications, optical fiber wave guides introduction, ray theory transmission etc. They are epon ethernet passive optical network and gpon gigabit passive optical network. Optical fiber communication, ofc study materials, engineering class handwritten notes, exam notes, previous year questions, pdf free download. Contents iv introduction to dwdm technology ol088401 optical fibers 26 how fiber works 26 multimode and singlemode fiber 27 singlemode fiber designs 28 transmission challenges 29 attenuation 29 dispersion 210 summary 212 light sources and detectors 2 light emittersleds and lasers 2 itu grid 214 light detectors 215 optical amplifiers 216 erbiumdoped fiber.
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